All was nothing and God said let there be light . . .. Okay I am kidding, but seriously the idea that light was the first thing is not far off. Light is like intelligence, light allows us to see and to see means that we wake up and start a new. The idea that the first thing was light is like saying that before there was light there was nothing, no consciousness. Reminds me of Terry Prattchet's book, "The Dark-Side of the Sun".
In the beginning. What was there before was something or nothing. There are some theories that speculate that the universe exists on giant plates that exist side by side and that one hit another one and the energy of the impact created the universe where we exist to me this is all silly because it is something that we can not prove and can never prove, as the laws of the universe and the laws out side the universe are not compatible. To me to suggest one idea over the other would be equal to believing in gods.
Let there be light and there was light. Actually it is highly doubtful there was light at all. More specifically scientists are sure there was no light for a good length of time, at least several milliseconds, probably a lot longer. What is theorized is that the entirety of the universe existed in a single point, and this single point was the big bang. Which is wrong. It was small at first and there was no sound. It is better to call it the beginning.
It happened and everything was energy and it spread out. The mechanism of spreading is called Dark Energy. It is called dark, not because it has no light but because it is unknown. There is that analogy again, light is knowledge dark is not. Picture one of those little sponges that you get as a toy. You put them in water and they expand but as they expand you find that the inside is made of more of those sponges and they start expanding. Inside this large sponge the entirety is made of more sponges and so on forever the first one grew quickly and as the other little sponges expanded the big sponge grew faster and faster and accelerating continuously and constantly. It has not slowed down yet.
According to my very limited grasp of string theory the very condensed universe contained only strings and as the universe expanded the universe cooled and the density of the particles decreased. As it cooled the strings came together and formed the proto-matter of the universe. The strings became gluons and the gluons became quarks and eventually the quarks became atoms. The first atoms were likely all Hydrogen atoms, the most stable and simple atoms with one proton and one electron. It is possible more complex atoms were in existence, but this seems unlikely. Helium is the next most likely and it has two protons a neutron and two electron and that is significantly more complex than hydrogen.
So there was all this hydrogen out there and it was randomly distributed in the universe. Not evenly distributed, randomly distributed. The distinction is important. If something is evenly distributed everything is equal distances away from each other and the pull of gravity from one particle to another would be equal and nothing would ever be pulled out of this alignment. With random dispersal there would be random clumpings of particles, there would be random holes with very little matter in them. Compute models back this up. They placed the a random field of points and let the gravity of the clumps pull the others how they may and accelerated the process. The results were a structure similar to the observable universe.
The tough part is that the universe was still expanding at this time and the space between particles was getting larger. Gravity counteracted the dark energy and kept many of the particles together the matter came together to form structures, big structures. Protostars and protogalaxies made of these protostars.
For some reason I feel tired and I will continue this later with star formation.
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